Monthly Archives: June 2012

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is most common in older adults. However, it is rarely cured by standard chemotherapy alone in older patients. According to NCI, it is critical that complete remission occurs, or there is no survival benefit. There are many clinically active therapies, including epigenetic drugs. A big translational research goal is to develop effective therapeutic strategies to demonstrate how and when oncologists should use these therapies.  A clinical combinational treatment regime could be guided in part by genome-wide methylation profiling. Genes in CpG islands and their promoters have established aberrant methylation patterns in cancers.  Perhaps also genome-wide methylation will help reveal new mechanistic details leading to new drug discoveries. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) was introduced by scientists … Continue reading

Posted in Biomarkers, Clinical Studies, DNA Methylation, Genomewide Methylation Profiling, Leukemia, Next Gen Sequencing, Oncology, Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing | Tagged , , , , , | Leave a comment

Adenovirus’s epigenetic power to reprogram cells goes beyond its ability to cause tumorous replication — G.J. Fonseca and colleagues at the Western University of Ontario report in the new Cell Host & Microbe that it’s also able to sabotage the interferon response, which usually functions as a first line of defense in infected cells. In an April post, I interviewed Roberto Ferrari about adenovirus research and its ability to push cells back into active tumor-like replication, so I thought this bit of news was an interesting incremental step in overall knowledge of how invaders — particularly adenovirus — use epigenetics against us. What a bunch of jerks! In particular, Fonseca and colleagues used a yeast two-hybrid screen to find out … Continue reading

Posted in Chromatin Structure, Gene Regulation, Histone Modifications, Histones, Microbial Epigenetics, Ubiquitination, Virology | Tagged , , , , | Leave a comment

It’s well known that modern high calorie, sugary diets correlate with increasing rates of diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s in particular), and cancers. Metabolic dis-regulation is associated and SUSPECT in all of these health problems. There are already over 14,000 records in the E3 Epigenetics publication database containing the word ‘Metabolism’. Researchers hope to show direct epigenetic events, leading to these disease outcomes. One such link, is the post-translational modification (PTM), O-GlcNAcylation. With the recent development of O-GlcNAc antibodies (thanks partially to grant initiatives by NCI in 2010), and improved mass spec techniques, the study of this unique type of sugar based PTM has become palatable. NIH scientists John A. Hanover, Michael W. Krause and Dona C. Love have just … Continue reading

Posted in Cellular Biology, Enzymology, Gene Regulation, Genetics, Histone Modifications, History & Trends, Mass Spec, Metabolism, Nutrigenomics, O-GlcNAcylation | Tagged , , , , | 3 Comments

Remember that song, “John Jacob Jingleheimerschmitt, his name is my name too”? Yes, histones have a similar problem to the guy in a song I first learned from a Shmoo cartoon in the early ’80s. Specifically, variant histones—those non-allelic, alternate versions of the classic DNA-spooling protein—get all kinds of wacky names from the scientists who first identify them. And sometimes those names are nearly the same for two different types of histone variants—in totally different organisms. These are key molecules with important roles in controlling gene expression, and for anyone studying epigenetics, the current naming scheme is confusing and unnecessarily complex—and downright unseemly. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center researchers Paul Talbert and Steve Henikoff—along with about 40 co-authors and an enthusiastic … Continue reading

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